Penjelasan Irregular Verb dalam Belajar Bahasa Inggris
Irregular Verb
Dalam bahasa Inggris, kata kerja yang digunakan tidak sesederhana seperti pada kata kerta yang digunakan pada bahasa Indonesia. Sebab, kata kerja bahasa Inggris atau verb -nya perlu menyesuaikan dengan penggunaan kalimat atau tenses yang ada.
Jadi, ada kalanya kata kerja atau verb yang digunakan harus diubah bentuknya sesuai dengan tenses yang digunakan. Bentuk kata kerja bahasa Inggris atau verb bahasa Inggris secara umum terdiri dari kata kerja bentuk 1 atau verb 1, kata kerja bentuk 2 atau verb 2 dan kara kerja bentuk 3 atau verb 3.
Pada masing -masing perubahan kata kerja dari bentuk 1, 2 dan 3, ada beberapa kata kerja yang perubahannya terjadi secara beraturan, yakni dengan penambahan d/ ed pada bagian akhir kata saja. Perubahan yang beraturan seperti ini disebut sebagai regular verb.
Contoh Regular Verb misalnya :
- clean – cleaned – cleaned (membersihkan)
- wipe – wiped – wiped (menyapu)
- work – worked – worked (bekerja)
Tapi, tak sedikit pula kata kerja yang berubah dengan cara yang tidak beraturan sehingga perubahan atau verb 1, 2 dan 3 yang ada harus dihafalkan. Kata kerja yang perubahannya tidak beraturan ini disebut sebagai Irregular verb.
Untuk bentuk regular verb, kita tidak perlu menghafal karena bentuk verb 2 dan tiga tinggal menambahkan akhiran d/ ed. Sedangkan untuk irregular verb, kita harus menghafalkannya karena bentuknya yang memang tidak beraturan.
Berikut ini terdapat daftar kata kerja tidak beraturan atau daftar irregular verb, yang bisa dijadikan rujukan untuk hafalan.
A
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
arise | arose | arisen | muncul |
awake | awoke | awoken | bangun |
B
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
be (is/am/are) | was/were | been | ada, adalah |
bear | bore | borne | menanggung |
beat | beat | beaten | mengalahkan/memukul |
become | became | become | menjadi |
befall | befell | befallen | menimpa |
beget | begot | begotten | menurunkan |
begin | began | begun | mulai |
bend | bent | bent | membengkokan |
bereave | bereft | bereft | kehilangan |
beseech | besought | besought | memohon |
beset | beset | beset | mengepung, menimpa |
bestrew | bestrewed | bestrewn | menabur/menganughari |
bet | bet, betted | bet, betted | bertaruh |
betake | betook | betaken | pergi |
bid | bid | bid | menawar/mengucapkan |
bind | bound | bound | mengikat |
bite | bit | bitten | menggigit |
bleed | bled | bled | berdarah |
blow | blew | blown | meniup |
break | broke | broken | memecahkan |
breed | bred | bred | berkembang biak |
bring | brought | brought | membawa |
broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | menyiarkan |
browbeat | browbeat | browbeaten | menggertak |
build | built | built | membangun |
burn | burnt, burned | burnt, burned | membakar |
burst | burst | burst | meledak |
bust | bust | bust | mendobrak |
buy | bought | bought | membeli |
C
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
cast | cast | cast | melempar, memberikan peran |
catch | caught | caught | menangkap |
choose | chose | chosen | memilih |
cling | clung | clung | berpegang teguh |
come | came | come | datang |
cost | cost | cost | berbiaya, berharga |
creep | crept | crept | merangkak |
cut | cut | cut | memotong, menggunting |
D – E
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
deal | dealt | dealt | berurusan |
dig | dug | dug | menggali |
dive | dove | dived | menyelam |
do | did | done | melakukan |
draw | drew | drawn | menggambar |
dream | dreamt | dreamt | bermimpi |
drink | drank | drunk | minum |
drive | drove | driven | mengendarai |
dwell | dwelt | dwelt | tinggal, menghuni |
eat | ate | eaten | makan |
F
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
fall | fell | fallen | jatuh |
feed | fed | fed | memberi makan |
feel | felt | felt | merasa |
fight | fought | fought | berjuang, berkelahi |
find | found | found | menemukan |
flee | fled | fled | melarikan diri |
fling | flung | flung | menjebloskan, mengempaskan |
fly | flew | flown | terbang |
forbid | forbade | forbidden | melarang |
forecast | forecast | forecast | meramalkan |
foresee | foresaw | foreseen | maramalkan |
forget | forgot | forgotten | lupa |
forgive | forgave | forgiven | memaafkan |
forgo | forwent | forgone | meninggalkan kebiasaan |
forsake | forsook | forsaken | meninggalkan |
freeze | froze | frozen | membeku |
G
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
get | got | gotten | mendapatkan |
give | gave | given | memberi |
go | went | gone | pergi |
grind | ground | ground | menggerindra/menggiling |
grow | grew | grown | tumbuh |
H
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
hamstring | hamstrung | hamstrung | melumpuhkan |
hang | hung | hung | menggantung |
have | had | had | mempunyai |
hear | heard | heard | mendengar |
hide | hid | hidden | menyembunyikan |
hit | hit | hit | memukul |
hold | held | held | menahan, mengadakan |
hurt | hurt | hurt | menyakiti |
I
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
inlay | inlaid | inlaid | manatah |
input | input | input | memasukkan |
intercut | intercut | intercut | menyelingi |
J
(tidak ada irregular verb diawali huruf ‘J’)
K
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
keep | kept | kept | menjaga |
kneel | knelt, kneeled | knelt, kneeled | berlutut, bersujud |
know | knew | known | mengetahui |
L
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
lay | laid | laid | meletakkan |
lead | led | led | memimpin |
lean | leant, leaned | leant, leaned | menyandarkan |
leap | leapt, leaped | leapt, leaped | lompat, loncat |
learn | learnt, learned | learnt, learned | belajar |
leave | left | left | meninggalkan |
lend | lent | lent | meminjamkan |
let | let | let | membiarkan |
lie | lay | lain | berbohong, berbaring |
light | lit | lit | menerangi |
lose | lost | lost | kehilangan, kalah |
M
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
make | made | made | membuat |
mean | meant | meant | bermaksud |
meet | met | met | bertemu |
mislay | mislaid | mislaid | salah meletakkan |
mislead | misled | misled | menyesatkan |
misread | misread | misread | salah membaca |
misspeak | misspoke | misspoken | salah bicara/ucap |
misspell | misspelt, misspelled | misspelt, misspelled | salah mengeja |
mistake | mistook | mistaken | salah mengira |
misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood | salah paham |
mow | mowed | mown, mowed | memotong rumput |
N
(tidak ada irregular verb diawali huruf ‘N’)
O
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
offset | offset | offset | mengimbangi |
outbid | outbid | outbid | mengalahkan dalam menawar |
outdo | outdid | outdone | mengalahkan |
outdraw | outdrew | outdrawn | menarik lebih banyak orang |
outdrive | outdrove | outdriven | mengendarai lebih baik/lebih cepat |
outfight | outfought | outfought | mengalahkan dalam perkelahian |
outgrow | outgrew | outgrown | menjadi lebih besar, mengatasi |
output | output | output | menghasilkan (data) |
outride | outrode | outridden | menunggangi lebih baik, cepat, dan jauh. |
outrun | outran | outrun | berlari lebih cepat |
outsell | outsold | outsold | menjual lebih banyak |
outshine | outshone | outshone | lebih cemerlang |
overbuild | overbuilt | overbuilt | membangun tambahan |
overcome | overcame | overcome | mengatasi |
overdo | overdid | overdone | melakukan sesuatu secara berlebihan |
overhang | overhung | overhung | bergantung |
overhear | overheard | overheard | menguping |
overlay | overlaid | overlaid | melapisi, membebani |
overpay | overpaid | overpaid | membayar lebih banyak |
override | overrode | overridden | mengesampingkan, menolak |
overrun | overran | overrun | menyerbu, mengerumuni |
oversee | oversaw | overseen | mengawasi |
oversleep | oveslept | overslept | bangun kesiangan |
overtake | overtook | overtaken | menyusul, mengejar |
overthrow | overthrew | overthrown | menjatuhkan, merobohkan |
P – Q
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
pay | paid | paid | membayar |
prove | proved | proven, proved | membuktikan |
put | put | put | meletakkan |
quit | quit | quit | berhenti, meninggalkan |
R
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
read | read | read | membaca |
rebind | rebound | rebound | menjilid kembali |
rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | membangun kembali |
repay | repaid | repaid | membayar kembali |
rethink | rethought | rethought | memikirkan kembali |
rewind | rewound | rewound | mengulang ke awal |
rewrite | rewrote | rewritten | menulis kembali |
rid | rid | rid | membersihkan, membuang |
ride | rode | ridden | naik, menunggang |
ring | rang | rung | berdering, membunyikan |
rise | rose | risen | terbit |
run | ran | run | berlari, menjalankan |
S
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
saw | sawed | sawn, sawed | menggergaji |
say | said | said | mengatakan |
see | saw | seen | melihat |
seek | sought | sought | mencari |
sell | sold | sold | menjual |
send | sent | sent | mengirim |
set | set | set | menaruh, mengatur |
sew | sewed | sewn, sewed | menjahit |
shake | shook | shook | menggoncangkan, mengocok |
shear | sheared | shorn, sheared | mencukur |
shed | shed | shed | menumpahkan |
shine | shone | shone | bersinar, bercahaya |
shoe | shod | shod | memasangi ladam |
shoot | shot | shot | menembak |
show | showed | shown, showed | menunjukan |
shrink | shrank, shrunk | shrunk | menyusut |
shut | shut | shut | menutup, mengunci |
sing | sang | sung | menyanyi |
sink | sank | sunk | menenggelamkan |
sit | sat | sat | duduk |
slay | slew | slain | membunuh |
sleep | slept | slept | tidur |
slide | slid | slid | meluncur |
sling | slung | slung | menyandang |
slink | slunk | slunk | menyelinap (masuk) |
slit | slit | slit | menggorok, membelah |
smell | smelt, smelled | smelt, smelled | mencium, berbau |
sow | sowed | sown, sowed | menabur |
speak | spoke | spoken | berbicara |
speed | sped, speeded | sped, speeded | mempercepat |
spell | spelt, spelled | spelt, spelled | mengeja |
spend | spent | spent | menghabiskan |
spill | spilt, spilled | spilt, spilled | menumpahkan |
spin | spun | spun | memutar, memusingkan |
spit | spat, spit (US) | spat, spit (US) | meludah |
split | split | split | membagi, membelah |
spoil | spoilt, spoiled | spoilt, spoiled | merusak, memanjakan |
spread | spread | spread | menyebar |
spring | sprang | sprung | muncul, meloncat |
stand | stood | stood | berdiri |
steal | stole | stolen | mencuri |
stick | stuck | stuck | menempelkan |
sting | stung | stung | menyengat |
stink | stank, stunk | stunk | berbau busuk |
stride | strode | stridden | melangkahi |
strike | struck | struck | melanggar |
string | strung | strung | menguntai, memasang tali |
strive | strove | striven | berjuang, bekerja keras |
swear | swore | sworn | bersumpah |
sweep | swept | swept | menyapu |
swell | swelled | swolled, swelled | membengkak |
swim | swam | swum | berenang |
swing | swung | swung | menganyun |
T
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
take | took | taken | mengambil |
teach | taught | taught | mengajar |
tear | tore | torn | merobek, mencabik |
tell | told | told | menceritakan, mengatakan |
think | thought | thought | berpikir |
thrive | thrived, throve | thrived | berkembang |
throw | threw | thrown | melempar |
thrust | thrust | thrust | mendorong, memasukkan |
tread | trod | trodden | menempuh, menginjak |
U
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
undercut | undercut | undercut | menjual dgn harga lebih rendah |
undergo | underwent | undergone | menjalani, mengalami |
underlie | underlay | underlain | mendasari |
understand | understood | understood | mengerti |
undertake | undertook | undertaken | menjalankan, mengerjakan |
undo | undid | undone | melepas, membuka |
unwind | unwound | unwound | beristirahat |
uphold | upheld | upheld | menegakkan |
upset | upset | upset | mengganggu, menumbangkan |
V
(tidak ada irregular verb diawali huruf ‘V’)
W
Infinitive (Verb 1/ V1) | Past Tense (Verb 2/ V2) | Past Participle (Verb 3/ V3) | Arti |
---|---|---|---|
wake | woke | woken | bangun |
wear | wore | worn | memakai |
weave | wove, weaved | woven, weaved | menenun, menganyam |
weep | wept | wept | menangis |
wet | wet, wetted | wet, wetted | membasahi |
win | won | won | menang |
wind | wound | wound | memutar, membelit |
withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | manarik |
withhold | withheld | withheld | meyembunyikan, menahan uang utk membayar |
withstand | withstood | withstood | menahan, bertahan |
wring | wrung | wrung | memeras |
write | wrote | written | menulis |
X
(tidak ada irregular verb diawali huruf ‘X’)
Y
(tidak ada irregular verb diawali huruf ‘Y’)
Z
(tidak ada irregular verb diawali huruf ‘Z’)
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